If too much lactic acid builds up, it can become painful or even dangerous. This burning is caused by a buildup of lactic acid in the muscles. When someone is running or doing an intense workout, they may notice their muscles start to burn. This process is called lactic acid fermentation. When our body can no longer take up enough oxygen to maintain our activity level, it starts undergoing a process to convert glucose (simple sugar) into energy without the use of oxygen. It’s what happens when we exercise intensely and become short of breath. When the oxygen in a frozen water body gets used up, they can switch over to a type of breathing that does not require oxygen at all called anaerobic respiration.
Eventually, the oxygen in a frozen pond can get used up.īrilliantly, some of our native Indiana turtles, including painted turtles and snapping turtles, evolved a way to get around this. Because most of the oxygen that is dissolved in the pond water gets there through direct contact between the water and the atmosphere, no water-to-air contact for extended periods can create problems for animals. Males generally have longer and thicker tails because their tails also contain their reproductive organs.In Indiana, ice can remain on a pond’s surface for weeks at a time. In fact, tail size is one way to tell the difference between adult male and female turtles. The size and length of the tail vary based on the species of turtle and whether they are male or female. Tail Image Credit: Jonathan Novack, ShutterstockĪt the back of the turtle, you’ll find their tail. Sea turtles, who spend almost their entire lives beneath the waves, have flippers instead of legs and different shaped claws. Aquatic or semi-aquatic turtles also have four legs but they usually have webbed feet and long claws and a few have flippers. Land turtles have thick, stubby legs and feet with claws for digging. Limbs Image Credit: Vovna Vitaliy, ShutterstockĪll turtles have four limbs but the appearance of those limbs depends on where the turtle lives.
#Land turtles skin
The texture and thickness of the skin vary based on the species of turtle. The turtle’s skin is also made of keratin and covers the tail, limbs, and head. Skin Image Credit: Brian Lasenby, Shutterstock Turtles have a good sense of smell, even in the water. Nostrils are usually small slits or holes on the tip of the turtle’s beak. Inside their mouth, they have ridges instead of teeth for chewing their food and a tongue, used for swallowing food. The turtle’s beak is located on the front of their head and contains their nostrils and mouth. Turtles have an upper and lower eyelid, as well as a third eyelid, also called a nictitating membrane, that slides up and back to help clean and protect their eyes. The quality of a turtle’s vision varies but it is believed that they can see colors. Most aquatic turtles have eyes higher up their head than land turtles do. Turtles use their eyes for sight just as humans do. A turtle’s head contains several distinct parts including: Eyes Image Credit: Marek Velechovsky, Shutterstock
Some species, specifically sea turtles, can’t do this and are more at risk of injury than their land relatives. Most species of turtles can pull their heads back into their shells as a defense mechanism. The turtle’s head is found on the front part of their body.
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